Typical cotton scouring conditions are given in table 18. Pdf chemicalfree scouring and bleaching of cotton knit fabric. Reuse of bleach bath cotton and cotton blend preparation are performed using continuous or batch processes and usually are the largest water consumers in a mill. Scouring definitionobjectiveseffects and methods of. Enzymes are specific and fast in actionand small amountsof enzyme often savelarge amounts of raw materials, chemicals, energy and water. Conventional scouring of cotton fabric involves a hightemperature treatment with a solution containing alkali, wetting agent, and detergent choudhury, 2006, p. Recycle and reuse of textile waste liquor fromscouring and. Sustainable processes for pretreatment of cotton fabric springerlink. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent.
Scouring is one of the most important processes in fabric formation in the textile industry. Textile processing is a growing industry that traditionally has used a lot of water, energy and harsh chemicals. Scouring process of cotton, wool, silk and synthetic. Pdf effect of different types scouring against different. After recycling the scouring and bleaching process bath three times, effluent still contained 55 % alkali and 67. As a whole this process consist of desizing process, scouring and bleaching. Scouring is the process by which all natural andadditive impurities. Single stage process for desizing, scouring, and bleaching. A closedloop process for cotton fabric preparation desizing, scouring, bleaching that is environmentally safe was devised. Scouring fabric removes the grease, dust, dirt and grime that fabrics encountered during the manufacturing process and transit. It is based on the conversion of fibre into yarn, yarn into fabric.
The conventional scouring process involving the harsh environment is slowly being replaced with environmentfriendly approach using enzymes. Kier boiler process scouring of cotton fabric in batchprocess discontinuous. Different types of fibres are used to produce yarn. The process involves a novel bleaching agent, sodium perborate, spb which was used a lone without any additives in the. Cotton material is scoured to remove natural impurities like natural oils and waxes as well as added impurities. A study on enzymatic treatments of unscoured cotton fabric. The process, which may be applied at the yarn or fabric stage, involves immersion under. Depending upon fabric type, it may be necessary to stabilise the dimensions of the fabric before the scouring process, using a process. Teliand tesfaye tolessa adere institute of chemical technology, matunga e, mumbai 400019, india abstract now days, all research efforts in the field of wet processing of textiles are directed towards sustainable process through chemical substitution. These are then dyed or printed, fabricated into clothes. A chelating agent is often added to the scouring solution to complex any heavy metals present in the cotton. Cotton in particular needs scouring, even if it is brand new from the fabric shop, because apparently it is full of hidden waxes and oils.
Bleaching is the removal of unwanted colour from the textile fibres and typically involves the use of one of the four main bleaching agents, namely sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite and hydrogen peroxide. Cotton remains the most important natural fibre, so is treated in depth. Effect of alternative scouring agents on dyeing properties of cotton polyester blend fabric. Scouring of cotton in the scouring process the cotton cellulose material is treated with a solution containing alkali soda ash and caustic soda, an anionic andor nonionic detergent, a wetting agent, a complexing and sequestering for the removal of metal ions and polyacrylates or polyphosphonates as special surfactant free dispersing agents. After complete washing store the material for next process at the designated place 5.
In my case, ill be using an old top sheet for my experiments, so it certainly needs lots of. Scouring is the process of washing fabric with soap solution. Average consumption in the scouring and bleaching of cotton fabrics was found to be in the range of 10 80 litkg and 10 litkg respectively depending on the machine and process employed. Scouring of cotton in the scouring process the cotton cellulose material is treated with a solution containing alkali soda ash and caustic soda, an anionic andor nonionic detergent, a wetting agent, a complexing and sequestering for the removal of metal ions and polyacrylates or polyphosphonates as special surfactant free dispersing agents, at high temperature. Scouring treatments of cotton, silk, wool and synthetics. Wet processing engineering is one of the major streams in textile engineering refers to textile. Each process drains a plethora of chemicals along with water, in the effluent stream. Cotton is based on 8590% of cellulose and the remaining portion consists of impurities such as fats, waxes and organic compounds. For cotton, vigorous scouring may be helpful for removal of mechanically held particles of cotton seeds, husks, and leaves, which may have escaped the ginning process and are supposed to be removed during scouring. For example, a 100% cotton fabric can be printed with reactive dyes, vat dyes, or any dye that works for cotton. The 35 grams it lost was due to all the oils and waxes used in the manufacturing process and the sizing starches added to make the fabric look good when you. Mercerization is a process applied to cotton and sometimes to cotton blends to increase lustre thus also enhancing appearance, to improve strength, and to improve their affinity for dyes.
When done to fabrics containing cotton, this results in increased wettability. When a grey cotton fabric is dipped in water the oil present in the size will not allow the. One type is for the cotton fibers, such as reactive, and one 1. Pretreatment of textiles prior to dyeing edward menezes and mrinal choudhari rossari biotech ltd. Luster and strength of the fabric increases for mercerizing process. Mercerizing of cotton is done in three basic stages of materials. Comparison of effectiveness between conventional scouring. It should be an aid to students and professionals in textiles, textiles and clothing, and textile science, who desire a. During scouring, waxes and other hydrophobic materials are removed from the cotton fibers. Pdf effect of different types scouring against different types of. The greige and the scoured cotton fabrics showed very similar ftir spectrum in transmission mode because the bulk composition of the fabrics are similar. Greigestate wool fabrics have very poor dimensional stability, and great care must be taken in handling wool fabrics through the sequence of wet finishing processes. Best available techniques in textile industry umweltbundesamt. Alternatively, it can be reused in the desizing or scouring process, provided that inline filters remove fabric impurities and oils.
Aver age consumption in the scouring and bleaching of cotton fabrics was found to be in the range of 10 80 litkg and 10 litkg respectively. Orvus paste soap for silk and wool scouring cotton and other cellulose fibres. Scouring is the process of removing the impurities such as oil, fat, wax dust and dirt from the textile material to make it hydrophilic. Mercerizing of cotton fabric methods of mercerizing process. Effect of different types scouring against different types of bleaching process on dyeing of cotton fabric with monochlorotriazine hot brand reactive dye. Alternately, a cotton polyester blend requires two dye types combined in the print paste. Single jersey single lacoste knit fabrics were treated in water at 105 c, 120 c, and c for 20, 40, and 60 min at reduced process stage. Kier means specially constructed large cylindrical iron vessel. Bleaching is the chemical treatment for removal of natural coloring matter from the fabric. For bio scouring of cotton fabric scourzyme l of novozymes is used as sample which is an alkaline pectinase and it removes pectin and other impurities from the primary cell wall of the cotton fibres without any. The process by which the textile mtls are treated associated with water is called wet processing. Presence of mgso 4 7h 2 o at a concentration of up to 3 gl was essential for stabilization of. Short and efficient desizing and scouring process of cotton textile materials mangesh d. Explain various operations in different departments in a.
Instructions to scour cotton sliver or cotton yarn. The characteristic speckled look of cotton greige fabrics is caused by cotton motes that were not removed during the yarn making process. Scouring and bleaching of 100% cotton knitted fabric at. The recipe for scouring may vary widely depending on.
Ftir attenuated total reflectance atr spectroscopy has been used for the fast characterization of cotton fabric scouring process. The term scouring applies to the removal of impurities such as oils, was, gums, soluble impurities and sold dirt commonly found in textile material and produce a hydrophilic and clean cloth. Optimum percentage exhaustion of the effect of scouring agents on indigo dyeing process of mercerized cotton polyester blend fabric. Scouring, is a chemical washing process carried out on cotton fabric to. Scouring process of textile fabric or yarn cotton objects of scouring and process description with recipe posted by firoz kabir on saturday, january 24, 2015 0 scouring is the process which removes all the natural impurities like oil, wax, fat etc from the surface of the fabric and produce the fabric more hydrophilic, scouring done by using. Effect of alternative scouring agents on dyeing properties. Waxes, proteins, pectic substances and mineral matters mechanically held impurities e. Therefore, these need to be removed before sending the fabric for further processing. Combined scouringbleaching of cotton using potassium. Before scouring, the fabric weighed 350 grams, afterwards it weighed 315 grams. Materials chemical required desized cotton fabric or yarn. In case of dyeing carried out in jigger, the consumption of water is 10 60 litkg, while that carried out in a winch, it is around 100 450 litkg.
In this process of cotton scouring, the fabric is scoured in rope form, by alkali liquor. Development of a new scouring methodology for the textile industry. This diagram shows the general preparatory process sequence carried out on grey cotton fabric. A cost effective and ecofriendly process for the generation next.
Scouring is the process of industrial cleaning of fabrics with the help of. Especially hydrophobic character which is present in the fiber of fabric is removed by this process. Grey fabric contains mainly three type of impurities. The textile dyeing and finishing sector uses large volumes of water and. An overview of textile scouring process textile learner. Characterization of cotton fabric scouring by ftir atr. The focus of this research is to investigate the opportunities. The objectives of scouring process are given bellow. Scouring fabric is easy and will ensure excellent dye uptake every time. The released chemicals by the global textile industry are continuously doing unimaginable harm to the environment. There are mainly 3 divisions of wet processing i pretreatment.
Textile scouring is a process in which the fabric is treated with alkali at room temperature or at suitable higher temperatures and by this process oil, fat, wax and other natural and added impurities are removed. The process, which are done to make the textile mtl suitable for dyeing. Mote removal is a major objective in scouring cotton. Bleaching is enough for prepared the fabrics for dyeing and printing but mercerizing is done for adding some advantage to the fabric. Due to the evergrowing costs for water and energy worldwide investigations are carriedout to substitute conventional chemical textile. The main function of scouring is the removal of hydrophobic impurities in fabrics made out of natural. An overview of textile scouring process definition. The source of natural color is organic compounds with conjugated double bonds, by doing chemical bleaching the discoloration takes place by breaking chromophore. Textile preparation scouring, textile scouring chemicals, textile scouring and bleaching by trotman, textile scouring agent, textile scouring machines, text. Pdf textile processing is a growing industry that traditionally has used a lot of water, energy and harsh chemicals.
The desized fabrics were then subjected to dyeing using reactive dyes yellow he6g and navy blue her, where analogous dyeing and. Scouring is a chemical washing process carried out on cotton fabric to. Attempts were made to reutilise the unexhausted 92. Container for soaking enough water for soaking, plus one to two gallons for scouring nonreactive stock pot soda ash synthrapol fabric detergent long spoon stove. The efficiency of a treating bath formulation consisting of h 2 o 2, sodium hydroxide, chelating agents, wetting agent, metal ions, and mgso 4 7h 2 o in effecting combined desizing, scouring, and bleaching of cotton fabric using a winch beck system was investigated under different conditions. In a conventional process, scouring and bleaching is done once which results in under utilisation of alkali and hydrogen peroxide. Short and efficient desizing and scouring process of. The term preparation has two implications in textile processing. Fiber materials in the form of textile fabrics, for example wovens or knits, especially cotton fabrics, normally have to be subjected to a pretreatment before they are dyed. Scouring is a two step process, both steps must be followed if you wish to acquire the greatest depth of color. Fabrics sold as ready for dyeing may not need scouring. Kier boiler process scouring of cotton fabric in batchprocess discontinuous process. Sustainable processes for pretreatment of cotton fabric. Scouring helps assure even color and good penetration of the dye.